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Design and optimization of reactive distillation: a review

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 799-818 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2128-9

摘要： Reactive distillation process, a representative process intensification technology, has been widely applied in the chemical industry. However, due to the strong interaction between reaction and separation, the extension of reactive distillation technology is restricted by the difficulties in process analysis and design. To overcome this problem, the design and optimization of reactive distillation have been widely studied and illustrated for plenty of reactive mixtures over the past three decades. These design and optimization methods of the reactive distillation process are classified into three categories: graphical, optimization-based, and evolutionary/heuristic methods. The primary objective of this article is to provide an up-to-date review of the existing design and optimization methods. Desired and output information, advantages and limitations of each method are stated, the modification and development for original methodologies are also reviewed. Perspectives on future research on the design and optimization of reactive distillation method are proposed for further research.

关键词： reactive distillation process intensification design method reactive phase diagram optimization algorithm

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Calculation on phase diagrams of polyetherimide/

Ming TAN,Gaohong HE,Yan DAI,Rujie WANG,Wenhua SHI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 312-319 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1434-x

摘要： The ternary phase diagrams of polyetherimide (PEI)/ , -dimethylacetamide (DMAc) with H O and BuOH as non-solvent were simulated using solubility parameter and Flory-Huggins theory. The phase diagrams show that 5.5% H O/BuOH system containing 5% BuOH and 0.5% H O, or 6.5% H O/BuOH system containing 6.2% BuOH and 0.3% H O is required to induce liquid-liquid demixing for 20 wt-% PEI/DMAc casting solution. Therefore, BuOH can enhance the phase separation of the PEI casting solution and hereby induce higher porosity of the membrane, and the diffusion of BuOH into the water coagulation bath causes larger pore size easily compared with DMAc. Our predictions that the membrane pure water flux first increases then decreases, and the rejection ratio of bovine serum albumin decreases with the increasing concentration of BuOH were validated by the experiments using the prepared membranes.

关键词： phase diagram solubility parameter interaction parameter ultrafiltration Flory-Huggins theory

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An improved delta-star switching scheme for reactive power saving in three-phase induction motors

P. RAJA,N. KUMARESAN,M. SUBBIAH

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 364-370 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0324-8

摘要： It is proposed that a capacitor can be connected permanently across each phase winding of a three-phase induction motor along with the conventional delta-star switching, for further saving in VARh at reduced loads on the motor. The method of choosing a suitable value for the capacitor and the criteria to be adopted for calculating the power output at which the star to delta switching is to be made are also explained. The experimental results on a 3-phase, 4-pole, 415 V, 50 Hz, 3.3 kW induction motor verify the advantages in adding the capacitor to the phase winding of the motor. Compared to using only a single delta connected stator winding or a delta-star switching, the advantages of the proposed addition of a capacitor, are also demonstrated through a case study conducted on a 400 V, 250 kW motor. Any further improvement in grid side power factor can be achieved by employing a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) of reduced VAR rating.

关键词： delta-star switching induction motor power factor steady-state analysis

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组合材料芯片的个体化微区合成与表征 Article

项晓东,王刚,张晓琨,向勇,汪洪

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第2期页码 225-233 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015041

摘要：

用传统实验方法绘制材料相图，需要分别研究各个成分在一系列温度下的成相情况，这通常要汇集多个研究小组多年努力的成果。以高通量制备与表征为特征的组合材料芯片技术能够在一个覆盖完整成分分布的材料样品库上，测定某一温度下二元或三元材料体系的相图，显著提升了研究效率。但要完成整个温度区间的材料相图，仍需对多个材料样品库在一系列不同的温度下进行热处理。本文提出了一种“单芯片方法”，即通过渐进的能量脉冲将组合材料芯片中某一微区独立地自低向高加热至不同温度，同时原位实时地监测这一微区在温度变化过程中的物相演化，从而获得该微区成分在完整温度区间内的物相信息。对组合材料芯片上各个微区分别独立地逐一重复该过程，就可以在一个组合材料芯片上通过一次实验构建出完整的二元或三元相图。我们采用“单芯片方法”测定了Ge-Sb-Te 三元合金体系非晶相与结晶相的相界，验证了这种方法的可行性。

关键词：组合材料芯片，相图，微区合成，原位表征，相边界测定

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Liquid metal material genome: Initiation of a new research track towards discovery of advanced energy materials

Lei WANG, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 317-332 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0271-9

摘要： As the basis of modern industry, the roles materials play are becoming increasingly vital in this day and age. With many superior physical properties over conventional fluids, the low melting point liquid metal material, especially room-temperature liquid metal, is recently found to be uniquely useful in a wide variety of emerging areas from energy, electronics to medical sciences. However, with the coming enormous utilization of such materials, serious issues also arise which urgently need to be addressed. A biggest concern to impede the large scale application of room-temperature liquid metal technologies is that there is currently a strong shortage of the materials and species available to meet the tough requirements such as cost, melting point, electrical and thermal conductivity, etc. Inspired by the Material Genome Initiative as issued in 2011 by the United States of America, a more specific and focused project initiative was proposed in this paper—the liquid metal material genome aimed to discover advanced new functional alloys with low melting point so as to fulfill various increasing needs. The basic schemes and road map for this new research program, which is expected to have a worldwide significance, were outlined. The theoretical strategies and experimental methods in the research and development of liquid metal material genome were introduced. Particularly, the calculation of phase diagram (CALPHAD) approach as a highly effective way for material design was discussed. Further, the first-principles (FP) calculation was suggested to combine with the statistical thermodynamics to calculate the thermodynamic functions so as to enrich the CALPHAD database of liquid metals. When the experimental data are too scarce to perform a regular treatment, the combination of FP calculation, cluster variation method (CVM) or molecular dynamics (MD), and CALPHAD, referred to as the mixed FP-CVM-CALPHAD method can be a promising way to solve the problem. Except for the theoretical strategies, several parallel processing experimental methods were also analyzed, which can help improve the efficiency of finding new liquid metal materials and reducing the cost. The liquid metal material genome proposal as initiated in this paper will accelerate the process of finding and utilization of new functional materials.

关键词： liquid metal material genome energy material material discovery advanced material room-temperature liquid alloy thermodynamics phase diagram

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DyFe₁₁Ti磁结构及其自旋重取向的中子衍射研究 Article

Olivier Isnard, Eder J. Kinast

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第2期页码 153-157 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.11.009

摘要：

本文报道了通过中子粉末衍射探测DyFe₁₁Ti的磁结构及其热演化规律。使用了变温中子衍射技术来测量磁矩及其取向的温度依赖性。Dy和Fe磁矩以反向平行的方式形成亚铁磁性耦合，其2 K时的易磁化方向是基面(a, b)内的[110]轴。随着温度的升高，该磁结构先后经历了两次自旋重取向现象。低温下，Dy磁矩较大，达到9.7μ_B，而在200 K时磁矩迅速下降到7.5μ_B。在Fe 8i位置观察到了最大的Fe磁矩。尽管磁结构发生了很大的变化，但在研究的温度范围内ThMn₁₂型晶体结构一直保持不变。在第一阶段的自旋重取向温度（T_SR1）时，观察到了易磁化轴的急剧倾斜；易磁化轴与晶体c轴之间的夹角从2 K的90°减小到200 K时的约20°（其中c轴是200 K以上的易磁化轴）；同时Dy和Fe磁矩保持反向平行耦合。

关键词：中子衍射，磁相图，晶体结构

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Development of dimensionless P-I diagram for curved SCS sandwich shell subjected to uniformly distributed

Yonghui WANG, Ximei ZHAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第6期页码 1432-1445 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0566-y

摘要： The curved steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich shell was recently proposed to resist blast loading and it showed better blast resistant performance as compared to flat SCS sandwich shell via developing compressive force along the shell. In this paper, a dimensionless Pressure-Impulse (P-I) diagram was constructed as a convenient tool to predict the damage level of curved SCS sandwich shell subjected to uniformly distributed blast loading. The curved SCS sandwich shell was equivalent to a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system and the equation of motion was established by employing the Lagrange’s equation. To construct the dimensionless P-I diagram, the energy balance method was utilized to yield the pressure and impulse asymptotes and the responses in the dynamic response regime were obtained via employing the SDOF method. Then, the finite element method was employed to validate the developed dimensionless P-I diagram. Finally, the procedures of using the constructed dimensionless P-I diagram to quickly conduct the blast resistant design of curved SCS sandwich shell were presented.

关键词： blast loading curved steel-concrete-steel sandwich shell Pressure-Impulse diagram single-degree-of-freedom method finite element analysis

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Passive convergence-permeable reactive barrier (PC-PRB): An effective configuration to enhance hydraulic

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第12期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1591-y

摘要：

● A novel PRB configuration based on passive convergent flow effect was proposed.

关键词： Passive convergence-permeable reactive barrier (PC-PRB) Permeable reactive barrier configuration Numerical simulation Hydraulic performance evaluation Sensitivity analysis

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纳米水滴柴油节能型微乳剂的研究和开发

王宏莹,李干佐,郑利强,李辉, 朱长德,宋景泉

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第4期页码 21-25

摘要：

应用有自主权的天然羧酸盐及其改性产品为主要表面活性剂，通过表面活性剂相互作用参数βm测定，确定复配的非离子表面活性剂。然后测定复配表面活性剂∕水∕柴油拟三元相图。从中得到3种廉价高效的－10＃柴油微乳剂，其中包括少量的燃烧促进剂、十六烷值改进剂和消烟剂。经台架试验，平均节油率为20 %，NOx排放量下降20 %，每吨乳化柴油节省500元左右。

关键词：天然羧酸盐拟三元相图 -10#柴油微乳剂

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完全信息价值的影响图求解法及其应用

刘艳琼,陈英武

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第8期页码 45-49

摘要：

指出了翻转决策树法求解完全信息价值时可能存在问题的根本原因，提出完全信息价值在影响图中的本质表现为信息弧，并对Howard正则型影响图定义进行修正，进而系统分析了两种不同情形下基于影响图求解完全信息价值的思路。最后举例说明。

关键词：完全信息价值影响图 Howard正则型

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Preparation of nZVI embedded modified mesoporous carbon for catalytic persulfate to degradation of reactive

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1372-4

摘要：

• The MCNZVI is prepared as an interesting material for PS activation.

关键词： MCNZVI Core-shell structure Reactive Black 5 Persulfate Mechanism

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GASEOUS REACTIVE NITROGEN LOSSES FROM ORCHARDS, VEGETABLES AND TEA PLANTATIONS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 155-166 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022477

摘要：

● Gaseous N emissions from orchards, vegetables and tea plantations (OVT) are reviewed.

关键词： fruit greenhouse gas green development fertilizer management climate change

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Tuned reactive power dispatch through modified differential evolution technique

S. BISWAS (RAHA), N. CHAKRABORTY

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 138-147 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0188-8

摘要： This paper explores the capability of modified differential evolution (MDE) technique for solving the reactive power dispatch (RPD) problem. The proposed method is based on the basic differential evolution (DE) technique with a few modifications made into it. DE is one of the strongest optimization techniques though it suffers from the problem of slow convergence while global minima appear. The proposed modifications are tried to resolve the problem. The RPD problem mainly defines loss minimization with stable voltage profile. To solve the RPD problem, the generator bus voltage, transformer tap setting and shunt capacitor placements are controlled by the MDE approach. In this paper, IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus systems are chosen for MDE implementation. The applied modification show much improved result in comparison to normal DE technique. Comparative study with other soft-computing technique including DE validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： reactive power dispatch (RPD) modified differential evolution (MDE) differential evolution algorithm with localizations around the best vector (DELB)

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Elevated C-reactive protein levels predict worsening prognosis in Chinese patients with first-onset stroke

Jiangtao YAN, Rutai HUI, Daowen WANG

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 30-35 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0005-x

摘要： The role of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in predicting prognosis after stroke in the Asian population has not been investigated. We hypothesized that elevated levels of hsCRP were associated with worsening prognosis after stroke in Chinese patients. Two hundred and ninety consecutive patients with first-onset stroke and 290 age- and gender-matched control subjects without any cerebrovascular disease were enrolled for study. Plasma hsCRP level was detected and subsequent vascular events and death were recorded in both groups over a 5-year period. Compared to control group, patients presenting with stroke had higher plasma hsCRP level (3.3 ± 3.8 1.3 ± 2.2 mg/L, < 0.01). Furthermore, in the group of patients with stroke, the mean plasma hsCRP level was higher in patients who developed subsequent vascular diseases or died as compared with the patients without further complications (4.4 ± 4.3 2.7 ± 3.3 mg/L, < 0.01). Compared to the lowest tertile of hsCRP level, the relative risk for vascular events or death in stroke patients was 2.91 in the highest tertile of hsCRP (95% CI, 1.54–5.50, = 0.001). This increase in relative risk for vascular events or death in stroke patients continued after adjustment for age, sex and other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes ( : 2.771, 95% CI: 1.367–5.617, = 0.005). These findings indicate that increased hsCRP level is associated with worsening prognosis after stroke in Chinese patients and suggests that inflammation is correlated with stroke outcome.

关键词： C-reactive protein inflammation stroke

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Magnetohydrodynamic slip flow and diffusion of a reactive solute past a permeable flat plate with suction

Krishnendu BHATTACHARYYA, G. C. LAYEK

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 471-476 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1130-z

摘要： The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer slip flow and solute transfer over a porous plate in the presence of a chemical reaction are investigated. The governing equations were transformed into self-similar ordinary differential equations by adopting the similarity transformation technique. Then the numerical solutions are obtained by a shooting technique using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The study reveals that due to the increase in the boundary slip, the concentration decreases and the velocity increases. On the other hand, with an increase in the magnetic field and mass suction, both boundary layer thicknesses decreased. As the Schmidt number and the reaction rate parameter increases, the concentration decreases and the mass transfer increases.

关键词： slip flow MHD boundary layer reactive solute diffusion flat plate suction/injection